Dr. Surya Bahadur Ghimire (PhD) Mountain Tourism Researcher

Harnessing Himalayan research and innovation for Nepal's mountain tourism नेपालको हिमाली पर्यटनका लागि हिमालयन अनुसन्धान र नवप्रवर्तनको उपयोग By Dr. Surya Bahadur Ghimire With majestic landscapes , rugged terrain and rich cultural traditions, the Himalayas are one of the world's most extraordinary treasures, attracting adventurers from all corners of the globe. The Himalayas in Nepal in particular are unparalleled. But to sustain and expand its tourism industry, Nepal must rely on research, innovation and modern technology while ensuring environmental protection and social welfare. “हिमालय केवल गन्तव्य मात्र होइन, नयाँ अनुसन्धान र नवप्रवर्तनमार्फत विश्व पर्यटनलाई पुनःपरिभाषित गर्ने केन्द्र हो।” Recent moves suggest that change is already underway. Nepal Tourism Board (NTB) in collaboration with UNDP , launches the $5 million Sustainable Tourism Project (2025-28). The project will improve trails, strengthen infrastructure, train 5,000 workers and create 2,500 jobs, with the aim ...

"The shift from a rule-based to a deal-based order marks a significant transformation in global governance." The international order that emerged after the Second World War was underpinned by a “rule-based” system governed by multilateral institutions, legal norms, and collective decision-making mechanisms. Institutions such as the United Nations (UN), the World Trade Organisation (WTO) , and the I nternational Monetary Fund (IMF) played crucial roles in mediating global interactions. However, in recent years, this system has increasingly given way to a “deal-based” order, wherein bilateralism, transactional diplomacy, and power politics have superseded universal norms (Acharya, 2017; Allison, 2018). Erosion of Multilateralism Multilateral institutions are facing a crisis of legitimacy and functionality. For instance, the WTO's appellate body has been rendered inoperative since 2019 due to the United States blocking judicial appointments (Bown, 2020). As a result, trad...